Offshore A-Z is a digital repository of companies operating across major tax havens. Offshore A-Z exploits the inscrutability of such companies to speculate on their possible nature and intent. Each company listed on here is real, but the information surrounding these consist of both actual records, obtained by dmstfctn, and speculative images and mission statements, generated by algorithms.

Tax havens, or secrecy jurisdictions, employ laws and corporate regulations different from those of most jurisdictions, using secrecy as a prime tool. Furthermore, the agents operating offshore on behalf of clients elsewhere have been observed by dmstfctn to willfully introduce mistakes in the records held on the companies they help forming. (Offshore Investigation Vehicle)

When offshore companies are but a bundle of papers held in private storages, these practices contribute to a number of possible configurations of any given offshore company, whose records are at once factually correct and conveniently flawed.

Offshore A-Z plays with the idea that truth is not one nor static, and that it does not need to be upheld equally at all times or in all fora.

Obtaining the data

The data contained within Offshore A-Z comes from a number of sources. Prior to the Offshore Leaks, the snippets of information available on offshore companies were largely confined to the outdated online registrars kept by tax havens, as an empty gesture towards transparency. Employing data scraping techniques, dmstfctn extracted records on hundreds of thousands of companies appearing in a number of such registrars.

Yielding varying amounts of information, and naturally full of gaps - sometimes full company details and descriptions, sometimes little more than a name - the records were cross referenced with data from the ICIJ’s Offshore Leaks as well as Financial Secrecy Index scores from the Tax Justice Network, and compiled into a single searchable database.

Training the algorithms

Algorithms were then trained to fill in the gaps in information. Using keywords from the company’s records as a trigger, the algorithms associate images with each nondescript company and complete missing fields by guessing possible incorporation dates or by generating corporate mission statement via a simple neural network. The coherency and accuracy of the neural network is directly undermined by the opaque source material, or incomplete input records. Finally, companies previously named in the Offshore Leaks ( for example) are hyperlinked to the relevant entry on the ICIJ database, allowing user to investigate further.

Compiling the template

The resulting information is autonomously built into a Web 2.0 page, employing a visual grammar similar to that used by existing registrars of companies. However, under intense scrutiny, the template mealts away revealing warm hues and floating forms.

This cycle of actions is repeated for each unreleased company found in the database and publicly announced by a Twitter bot.

Zooming in

Among the companies listed on the Offshore A-Z, a few appearing to be embedded in complex offshore vehicles were further investigated, resulting in three stories focusing on the funding behind Leave.EU, the corporate tax-avoidance of Barclays and the colonial origins of HSBC.

Offshore A-Z is a project by dmstfctn.

I.B.B. - BOSTON INVESTMENT COMPANY

Company Name I.B.B. - BOSTON INVESTMENT COMPANY
Date of Registration 29th May 1992
Company Objective 1.a.    investing its resources in securities, such as shares and other certificates of participation and debentures, as also in other interest-bearing claims collectible, irrespective of their name and in whatever form it be;
b.    acquiring of:
i.    proceeds, emanating from the alienation or the relinquishing of the right to make use of copyrights, patents models, secret processes or formulae, trademarks, and analogous matters.
ii.    royalties, including rentals with regard to films or by reason of the use of industrial, commercial or scientific installations, as also with regard to the operation of a mine or a quarry or any other natural resource and other immovable matters;
iii.    compensation for rendering technical assistance;
c.    the direct or indirect investing of its resources in immovable goods, and rights, to acquire, possess, hire, let lease, rent, parcelling-up, reclaiming, developing, improving, cultivating, building on, selling or in any other manner alienating, mortgaging or in any other way encumbering of items or immovable property and the building of infrastructural works on immovable property;
d.    the posting of suretyship and other guarantees and the transfer into ownership whether or not in fiduciary ownership or in trust or mortgaging, pledging or otherwise encumbering or component parts of fortunes, one thing and the other as security for the payment of the company's debts and of the debts of third parties, either or not against a counterperformance.
e.    to trade which includes wholesale, distributive trade and future dealings and also the import and export or raw materials, metals, minerals, organic substance, semifinished products and finished products of whatever nature and under whatever name;
f. to acquire, own, hold, which may include registering or causing to register and keeping registered, to manage, lease, lease out, sublease, or exploit or cause to exploit otherwise, to mortgage or encumber otherwise, and to alienate, which may include removing from the registers or causing to remove from the registers, one or mare aircraft or ships, as well as rights and interests related to aircraft or ships.
g. to act as a .finance company and to act as a mediator in the: financing of all kinds of transactions;
2. The company shall not be allowed to act as a credit institution as defined in article 1, paragraph 1, of the National Ordinance on the Supervision of the Credit System.
3. The company which, with regard to its business, meets the criteria for being considered a credit institution as defined in the National Ordinance on the Supervision of the Credit System shall, nevertheless, not be considered as such if the company:
a. is a concern finance institution as in National Decree AS 2000 no. 29 or
any other exception laid down by National Decree for the implementation of the provisions laid down in or by virtue of article 1, paragraph 2, of the National Ordinance on the Supervision of the Credit System:
b. is not considered as such by a decision of the Central Bank of Aruba as referred to in article 1, paragraph 3, of the National Ordinance on the Supervision of the credit System.
Barring exemption by the Central Bank of Aruba, it shall be expressly forbidden
for the company to directly or indirectly address the public with a view to
attracting moneys as a trade or with a view to granting credits as a trade, as well as to act as a mediator in these activities in any way, all this with due observance of the provisions of article 48
of the National Ordinance on the Supervision of the Credit System.
4.The company shall be authorized to do everything that may be useful or required for fulfilling its purpose or is related to that purpose in the widest sense of the word, which includes participating in any other business or company, as well as to perform all other acts in tile fields of commerce, industry, and finance.
Country
aruba
Financial Secrecy Index [more info] 68
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